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Alopecia (androgenetic & areata)

Alopecia androgenetica et areata · Plešatost (androgenetická a ložisková alopecie)

What it is

Pattern hair loss from hormones, or immune attack on the follicle in areata.

Symptoms & signs

  • Receding hairline or crown thinning
  • round smooth bald patches in areata
  • exclamation-mark hairs
  • nail pitting

🚩 Get help if…

  • see a doctor soon Hair falling out in clumps or all over the scalp
  • see a doctor soon Bald patches with red, scaly or scarred skin
  • see a doctor soon Hair loss with tiredness, weight change or irregular periods
  • see a doctor soon Losing eyebrows, eyelashes or body hair too

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Minoxidil
  • finasteride or dutasteride (male pattern; sexual side effects in a minority, rarely persisting)
  • spironolactone
  • JAK inhibitors (baricitinib, ritlecitinib) for areata
  • hair transplant

Natural & lifestyle

  • Iron, vitamin D and protein sufficiency
  • scalp care
  • stress management
  • low-level laser caps
  • treat thyroid disease

Emerging & experimental

  • Oral minoxidil low-dose
  • hair follicle cloning
  • stem-cell and exosome therapy

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Microneedling with minoxidil — trials show more regrowth than minoxidil alone mixed evidence
  • Rosemary oil — a small trial found it comparable to 2% minoxidil early / small studies
  • Pumpkin-seed oil — a small trial early / small studies
  • Biotin when not deficient — no benefit, and it can distort blood tests not confirmed in trials

ICD codes