Anatom3DAnaemia
Anaemia · Chudokrevnost (anémie)
What it is
Not enough haemoglobin to carry oxygen — a sign, never a diagnosis in itself.
Symptoms & signs
- Fatigue
- breathlessness
- pale skin and conjunctivae
- palpitations
- dizziness
- headache
- cold hands
🚩 Get help if…
- call 112 / 911 now Chest pain, fainting or breathlessness at rest
- call 112 / 911 now Vomiting blood or passing black, tarry stools
- see a doctor soon Heavy bleeding from the bowel, womb or anywhere else
- see a doctor soon Pale and tired with weight loss or a change in bowel habit
Where it strikes
Medical treatment
- Find and treat the cause
- iron, B12 or folate replacement
- transfusion if severe
- EPO in kidney disease
- oral ferric maltol (Feraccru, Accrufer) — approved (EMA 2016, FDA 2019) for iron deficiency in adults
Natural & lifestyle
- Iron-rich foods with vitamin C
- treat heavy periods
- coeliac screening
- avoid tea with meals
Emerging & experimental
- Hepcidin modulators
- patient blood-management programmes
Alternative, off-label & anecdotal
Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.
- Moringa and spirulina — small studies of modest haemoglobin rises early / small studies
- Beetroot juice — little iron the body can absorb anecdotal / traditional
ICD codes
- ICD-10 D64.9
- ICD-11 3A9Z Anaemias or other erythrocyte disorders, unspecified