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Cervical cancer

Carcinoma cervicis uteri · Rakovina děložního hrdla

female only

What it is

Caused by persistent HPV infection — and therefore nearly entirely preventable.

Symptoms & signs

  • Bleeding after sex or between periods
  • watery discharge
  • pelvic pain
  • often silent early

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Heavy vaginal bleeding with dizziness or fainting
  • see a doctor soon Bleeding after sex or between periods
  • see a doctor soon Any bleeding after menopause
  • see a doctor soon Unusual smelly discharge or pelvic pain that persists

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • HPV vaccination — sharply fewer pre-cancers in trials, and nearly 90% fewer invasive cancers in girls vaccinated before 17 in Swedish registry data; fainting at injection is the commonest real harm, serious harms not above background in large safety studies trials support
  • Screening with HPV testing — a single round halved cervical-cancer deaths in a large Indian trial; it also treats some changes that would have cleared alone trials support
  • LLETZ for pre-cancer — and it raises the risk of a preterm birth later trials support
  • Radical hysterectomy trials support
  • Chemoradiation trials support
  • Pembrolizumab in advanced disease mixed evidence

Natural & lifestyle

  • HPV vaccination before exposure
  • screening attendance
  • stop smoking (smoking helps HPV persist)
  • condoms reduce transmission

Emerging & experimental

  • Self-sampling HPV kits
  • therapeutic HPV vaccines
  • induction chemotherapy (INTERLACE)

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Green tea and curcumin preparations for pre-cancer — early studies early / small studies
  • Black salve and escharotic pastes — destroy tissue and have caused disfigurement anecdotal / traditional

ICD codes