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Chilblains (pernio)

Perniones · Perniony (zimní otoky prstů)

What it is

Itchy, painful red-purple swellings of toes and fingers after cold, damp exposure — small vessels over-react to rewarming; recurrent or odd ones can point to lupus.

Symptoms & signs

  • Red or purple swellings on toes, fingers, ears
  • itching and burning, worse when warming
  • blisters or sores
  • heal in 1–3 weeks

🚩 Get help if…

  • see a doctor soon Blisters, open sores or spreading redness with pus
  • see a doctor soon Swellings that last over 3 weeks or come in warm weather
  • see a doctor soon Swellings with joint pain, rash or constant tiredness

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Keep warm and dry
  • Nifedipine for severe recurrent chilblains — small trials mixed evidence
  • test for lupus in atypical cases

Natural & lifestyle

  • Warm socks and gloves
  • avoid rapid rewarming in front of a fire
  • stop smoking

Emerging & experimental

  • Topical nitroglycerin — small trials

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Vitamin D — small studies in children mixed evidence
  • Calendula or witch-hazel cream — soothing; no trials anecdotal / traditional
  • Ginkgo biloba — traditional for circulation; no trials anecdotal / traditional

ICD codes