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Diabetic retinopathy

Retinopathia diabetica · Diabetická retinopatie

What it is

High sugar wrecks retinal capillaries; the commonest cause of blindness in working age.

Symptoms & signs

  • No symptoms early
  • floaters
  • blurred vision
  • sudden loss from haemorrhage
  • macular oedema

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Sudden loss of vision in one eye
  • see a doctor soon A shower of new floaters or a dark curtain
  • see a doctor soon Blurred or wavy central vision

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Annual screening photography
  • tight glucose and blood-pressure control
  • anti-VEGF injections
  • laser photocoagulation
  • vitrectomy
  • AI-based automated screening — FDA-authorised since 2018
  • faricimab (Vabysmo) for diabetic macular oedema — approved 2022 (FDA, EMA)

Natural & lifestyle

  • HbA1c and blood-pressure control
  • smoking cessation
  • lipid control
  • attend every screening appointment

Emerging & experimental

  • Oral integrin antagonists

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Fenofibrate — trials (FIELD, ACCORD-Eye) slowed retinopathy trials support
  • Curcumin and benfotiamine — small studies early / small studies
  • Bilberry — traditional; untested anecdotal / traditional

ICD codes