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Endometriosis

Endometriosis · Endometrióza

female only

What it is

Womb-like tissue grows outside the womb, bleeds and scars. ~1 in 10 women, diagnosed 7 years late on average.

Symptoms & signs

  • Severe period pain
  • pain during sex
  • chronic pelvic pain
  • painful bowel movements
  • fatigue
  • infertility

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Sudden severe belly pain with fainting or shoulder-tip pain
  • see a doctor soon Period pain that stops you working or needs strong painkillers
  • see a doctor soon Blood in urine or stool with your periods
  • see a doctor soon Pain during sex or trouble getting pregnant

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Combined pill or progestogen continuously
  • GnRH agonists with add-back
  • laparoscopic excision by a specialist
  • hysterectomy in selected cases
  • pain team
  • Oral GnRH antagonists — elagolix (FDA 2018) and relugolix combination (FDA 2022, EMA 2023); bone loss limits long use

Natural & lifestyle

  • Anti-inflammatory diet
  • pelvic physiotherapy
  • heat
  • TENS
  • omega-3
  • magnesium
  • yoga
  • acupuncture (modest evidence)

Emerging & experimental

  • Immunomodulation
  • non-invasive diagnostic tests

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Low-FODMAP diet for bowel symptoms — small studies early / small studies
  • N-acetylcysteine — a small study reported shrinking cysts early / small studies
  • Cannabis — patients report pain relief; small studies early / small studies
  • Castor-oil packs — anecdotal anecdotal / traditional

ICD codes