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Gestational diabetes

Diabetes mellitus gestationis · Těhotenská cukrovka

female only

What it is

Pregnancy hormones overcome insulin; sugar crosses to the baby and it grows large.

Symptoms & signs

  • Usually none
  • found on screening
  • excess amniotic fluid
  • large baby on scan

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Severe headache, blurred vision or sudden swelling of face and hands
  • call 112 / 911 now Baby moving less than usual
  • see a doctor soon Sugars above target despite diet and medicine
  • see a doctor soon Very thirsty, passing lots of urine or feeling drowsy

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Diet and monitoring first
  • metformin
  • insulin if targets are missed
  • growth scans
  • glucose test 6–13 weeks after birth

Natural & lifestyle

  • Low-glycaemic diet
  • walking after meals
  • weight management before the next pregnancy
  • breastfeeding lowers later risk

Emerging & experimental

  • Continuous glucose monitoring in pregnancy
  • early screening in high-risk women

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Myo-inositol — trials lowered the rate of gestational diabetes in women at risk mixed evidence
  • Probiotics — trials found no prevention not confirmed in trials
  • Vitamin D — small studies early / small studies

ICD codes