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Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Anaemia haemolytica autoimmunis · Autoimunitní hemolytická anémie

What it is

Antibodies coat the red cells and the spleen destroys them — warm type after lymphoma, lupus or drugs; cold type after infections — faster than marrow can replace them.

Symptoms & signs

  • Tiredness and breathlessness
  • jaundice
  • dark urine
  • enlarged spleen
  • blue fingers in the cold (cold type)

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Chest pain, fainting or breathlessness at rest
  • call 112 / 911 now Dark, cola-coloured urine with fast heartbeat
  • see a doctor soon Yellow skin or eyes getting worse
  • see a doctor soon Growing paleness and tiredness

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Blood count, reticulocytes and direct antiglobulin test
  • steroids (warm type)
  • rituximab
  • keep warm; sutimlimab (cold type)
  • transfusion when needed; folic acid
  • splenectomy for resistant warm type

Natural & lifestyle

  • Keep warm in cold type
  • folate-rich diet

Emerging & experimental

  • Fostamatinib
  • complement and FcRn inhibitors

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Iron supplements — iron is not lacking; they can overload not confirmed in trials
  • Folic acid — red-cell turnover needs it; standard support early / small studies
  • Turmeric and ginger — anecdotal anecdotal / traditional

ICD codes