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Hyperthyroidism & Graves' disease

Hyperthyreosis (morbus Graves-Basedow) · Zvýšená funkce štítné žlázy a Gravesova nemoc

What it is

Too much thyroid hormone; the body runs hot and fast.

Symptoms & signs

  • Weight loss despite eating
  • palpitations
  • heat intolerance
  • tremor
  • anxiety
  • bulging eyes
  • goitre
  • loose stools

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Fever, racing heart, confusion or agitation
  • see a doctor soon Sore throat, mouth ulcers or fever on thiamazole or carbimazole
  • see a doctor soon Irregular heartbeat or breathlessness
  • see a doctor soon Painful red eyes, double vision or colours looking faded

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Carbimazole or methimazole (rarely wipes out white cells — sore throat with fever needs an urgent blood count)
  • propranolol for symptoms
  • radioactive iodine
  • thyroidectomy
  • teprotumumab for eye disease (hearing damage in some)

Natural & lifestyle

  • Stop smoking (worsens eye disease)
  • selenium for mild eye involvement
  • avoid iodine excess
  • stress reduction

Emerging & experimental

  • IGF-1R blockers beyond teprotumumab
  • thyroid-stimulating antibody-targeted therapy

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • L-carnitine — a small trial eased palpitations and weakness early / small studies
  • Bugleweed and lemon balm — traditional; small studies of lower thyroid activity early / small studies
  • Acupuncture and stress reduction — patients report calmer symptoms; untested anecdotal / traditional

ICD codes