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Intellectual disability

Deficientia intellectualis · Mentální postižení

What it is

Lifelong limits in reasoning and everyday skills starting in childhood — from genes, problems in pregnancy or at birth, or early brain injury.

Symptoms & signs

  • Delayed milestones
  • learning more slowly
  • difficulty with everyday skills
  • communication difficulties
  • behavioural problems in some

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now A fit lasting over 5 minutes
  • see a doctor soon Sudden change in behaviour — can signal pain or illness
  • see a doctor soon Loss of skills already learnt
  • see a doctor soon Self-harm, refusing food or not sleeping

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Developmental assessment and genetic testing
  • early intervention and special education
  • speech, occupational and behavioural therapy
  • treat epilepsy, hearing and vision problems
  • social care and supported living

Natural & lifestyle

  • Structured routines
  • community activities
  • family support

Emerging & experimental

  • Gene-specific therapies for some syndromes
  • assistive technology

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Stem-cell clinics — unproven and risky anecdotal / traditional
  • High-dose vitamin cocktails — tested in Down syndrome: no benefit not confirmed in trials
  • Music therapy — small studies help communication early / small studies

ICD codes