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Premature ovarian insufficiency

Insufficientia ovariorum praematura · Předčasné selhání vaječníků

female only

What it is

The ovaries stop working before 40 — one woman in 100; it brings early menopause symptoms, infertility and weaker bones unless the hormones are replaced.

Symptoms & signs

  • Irregular or absent periods
  • hot flushes and night sweats
  • vaginal dryness
  • low mood, poor sleep
  • infertility

🚩 Get help if…

  • see a doctor soon Periods stopping for 4 months or more before 40
  • see a doctor soon Hot flushes and night sweats before 40
  • see a doctor soon Broken bone after a minor fall
  • see a doctor soon Low mood, poor sleep or painful sex affecting daily life

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Raised FSH (over 25 IU/L) after 4 months of irregular or absent periods — one test is enough under the 2024 ESHRE guideline
  • karyotype, fragile X test and adrenal antibodies
  • hormone replacement until the age of natural menopause
  • IVF with donor eggs
  • bone density scan

Natural & lifestyle

  • Weight-bearing exercise
  • calcium and vitamin D
  • stop smoking
  • support groups

Emerging & experimental

  • Freezing ovarian tissue before chemotherapy
  • in-vitro activation of dormant follicles
  • platelet-rich plasma into the ovary

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • DHEA before IVF — small studies; weak evidence early / small studies
  • Black cohosh for hot flushes — trials disagree, and it does not protect bone mixed evidence
  • Acupuncture — small low-quality studies anecdotal / traditional

ICD codes