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Vascular dementia

Dementia vascularis · Vaskulární demence

What it is

Cumulative small-vessel damage and mini-strokes erode thinking in steps.

Symptoms & signs

  • Stepwise decline
  • slowed thinking
  • gait change
  • urinary urgency
  • mood flattening

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Face droop, arm weakness or slurred speech — a new stroke
  • call 112 / 911 now Sudden confusion or drowsiness over hours
  • see a doctor soon A sudden step down in memory, walking or bladder control
  • see a doctor soon Falls, or stopping eating and drinking

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Blood-pressure and diabetes control
  • statin
  • antiplatelet
  • cognitive rehabilitation

Natural & lifestyle

  • Exercise
  • salt reduction
  • smoking cessation
  • DASH diet

Emerging & experimental

  • Intensive BP-lowering trials (SPRINT-MIND)
  • cilostazol trials

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Ginkgo extract (EGb 761) — some trials show small cognitive gains; others none mixed evidence
  • Cerebrolysin — a review found possible cognitive benefit mixed evidence
  • Herbal 'circulation' tonics — untested anecdotal / traditional

ICD codes