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Bladder cancer

Carcinoma vesicae urinariae · Rakovina močového měchýře

What it is

Smoking and industrial dyes; painless blood in urine is the classic sign.

Symptoms & signs

  • Painless visible blood in urine
  • frequency
  • urgency
  • recurrent infections that don't clear

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Unable to pass urine because of blood clots
  • see a doctor soon Blood in the urine, even once and without pain
  • see a doctor soon Frequent painful urination that antibiotics do not settle
  • see a doctor soon Unexplained weight loss or bone pain

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Transurethral resection
  • intravesical BCG
  • chemotherapy
  • cystectomy
  • immunotherapy (pembrolizumab)
  • antibody-drug conjugates
  • nadofaragene gene therapy (Adstiladrin) — FDA-approved 2022 for high-risk early disease that no longer responds to BCG
  • TAR-200 gemcitabine-releasing device (Inlexzo) — FDA-approved 2025 for the same group

Natural & lifestyle

  • Stop smoking (lowers recurrence)
  • hydration
  • occupational exposure control

Emerging & experimental

  • Urine DNA surveillance

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Mistletoe instilled into the bladder — small trials early / small studies
  • Green tea extract — laboratory and small human studies early / small studies

ICD codes