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Burns

Combustio · Popáleniny

What it is

Heat, chemicals or electricity destroy skin; fluid and infection are the killers.

Symptoms & signs

  • Redness and pain (superficial)
  • blisters (partial)
  • white leathery painless skin (full thickness)
  • swelling
  • shock in large burns

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Burn bigger than the person's palm, or white, brown or charred skin
  • call 112 / 911 now Burns to the face, hands, feet, groin or all round a limb
  • call 112 / 911 now Electrical or chemical burn, or smoke breathed in
  • see a doctor soon Burn getting more painful, oozing pus, or fever

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Cool running water 20 min
  • cling film cover
  • fluid resuscitation (Parkland formula)
  • debridement and grafting
  • tetanus cover
  • burns unit referral
  • spray-on skin cells (ReCell) — FDA-approved 2018 for burns
  • cultured epidermal autografts (Epicel) — US humanitarian device exemption for very large burns

Natural & lifestyle

  • Never use ice, butter or toothpaste
  • keep clean
  • nutrition support
  • scar massage and silicone sheets
  • pressure garments

Emerging & experimental

  • 3D-printed skin

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Honey dressings on partial-thickness burns — trials show faster healing than silver sulfadiazine trials support
  • Aloe vera gel — trials show faster healing of minor burns mixed evidence
  • Tilapia fish-skin dressings (Brazil) — early trials early / small studies

ICD codes