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Colon polyps

Polypi coli (adenomata) · Polypy tlustého střeva

What it is

Small growths on the lining of the bowel; most are harmless, but adenomas can turn into cancer over ten years — which is why screening removes them.

Symptoms & signs

  • Usually none
  • blood in the stool
  • change in bowel habit
  • iron-deficiency anaemia

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Heavy bleeding from the back passage with dizziness
  • see a doctor soon Blood in the stool or black stools
  • see a doctor soon Change in bowel habit for over 3 weeks
  • see a doctor soon Tiredness and paleness from low iron

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Screening — in the first randomised colonoscopy trial about 2 cancers prevented per 1 000 invited over ten years; stool tests are less invasive and repeatable mixed evidence
  • Removal at colonoscopy trials support
  • Repeat colonoscopy by type and number mixed evidence
  • Genetic testing when there are many (FAP, Lynch) trials support

Natural & lifestyle

  • Fibre and vegetables, less red and processed meat
  • exercise and a healthy weight
  • no smoking, less alcohol

Emerging & experimental

  • AI-assisted colonoscopy
  • aspirin for Lynch syndrome carriers
  • blood-based screening tests

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Aspirin — trials cut new adenomas, and the CAPP2 trial cut cancers in Lynch syndrome over the long term; bleeding risk trials support
  • Calcium and vitamin D — trials disagree mixed evidence
  • Curcumin with quercetin — shrank polyps in a small FAP study early / small studies
  • Omega-3 (EPA) — trials in FAP disagree mixed evidence

ICD codes