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Female infertility

Infertilitas feminina · Ženská neplodnost

female only

What it is

One in seven couples; causes split between ovulation, tubes, uterus and age.

Symptoms & signs

  • Not conceiving after 12 months
  • irregular cycles
  • painful periods
  • no other symptom in many

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Early pregnancy with one-sided pain, bleeding or fainting
  • call 112 / 911 now Severe belly swelling and breathlessness during fertility treatment
  • see a doctor soon Periods absent or very irregular
  • see a doctor soon No pregnancy after 12 months of trying, or 6 months if over 35

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Ovulation induction (letrozole)
  • tubal surgery
  • IUI
  • IVF/ICSI
  • treat thyroid, prolactin, endometriosis
  • egg freezing

Natural & lifestyle

  • Weight optimisation both ways
  • folic acid before conception
  • stop smoking and alcohol
  • cycle tracking
  • reduce stress
  • Mediterranean diet

Emerging & experimental

  • In-vitro maturation
  • mitochondrial transfer
  • AI embryo selection
  • ovarian tissue transplantation

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Acupuncture during IVF — large trials found no more births not confirmed in trials
  • DHEA for poor ovarian responders — trials disagree mixed evidence
  • Coenzyme Q10 for egg quality in older women — small trials early / small studies
  • Fertility teas and 'womb massage' — anecdotal anecdotal / traditional

ICD codes