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Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis · Glomerulonefritida

What it is

Immune damage to the filters; protein and blood leak into urine.

Symptoms & signs

  • Frothy urine
  • blood in urine
  • swelling around the eyes
  • high blood pressure
  • reduced urine

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Very little urine with breathlessness or swelling
  • call 112 / 911 now Coughing up blood with blood in the urine
  • see a doctor soon Cola-coloured or bloody urine
  • see a doctor soon Swollen face or ankles with frothy urine or high blood pressure

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Immunosuppression (steroids, rituximab, cyclophosphamide)
  • ACE inhibitor for proteinuria
  • treat the cause (infection, lupus)
  • Iptacopan (Fabhalta), a complement inhibitor — FDA-approved for IgA nephropathy (2024) and C3 glomerulopathy (2025)

Natural & lifestyle

  • Salt restriction
  • blood-pressure control
  • infection prevention
  • protein moderation

Emerging & experimental

  • B-cell-targeted therapy
  • APOL1 inhibitors

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Fish oil in IgA nephropathy — trials disagree mixed evidence
  • Low-antigen and elimination diets — anecdotal anecdotal / traditional

ICD codes