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Haemophilia & bleeding disorders

Haemophilia · Hemofilie a krvácivé poruchy

What it is

A missing clotting factor; bleeding into joints cripples them over time.

Symptoms & signs

  • Bleeding into joints and muscles
  • prolonged bleeding after injury
  • easy bruising
  • heavy periods in von Willebrand disease

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Any head injury, or headache, vomiting or drowsiness
  • call 112 / 911 now Bleeding that will not stop with pressure
  • call 112 / 911 now Swelling in the neck or throat, or trouble breathing
  • see a doctor soon Hot, swollen, painful joint or muscle

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Factor replacement prophylaxis
  • emicizumab (subcutaneous, weekly)
  • desmopressin for mild cases
  • tranexamic acid
  • joint care
  • one-time gene therapy: valoctocogene (Roctavian) for A, etranacogene (Hemgenix) for B — approved 2022–23; factor VIII levels fall over the years after Roctavian
  • fitusiran (Qfitlia) — FDA-approved 2025; lowers antithrombin, with a boxed warning for clots
  • anti-TFPI antibodies (concizumab, marstacimab) — approved 2024 (FDA, EMA)

Natural & lifestyle

  • Avoid contact sports and NSAIDs
  • physiotherapy to protect joints
  • dental care planning
  • medical alert identification

Emerging & experimental

  • Gene editing (early trials)

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Yunnan Baiyao (Chinese styptic powder) — small studies early / small studies
  • Ginkgo, garlic and fish-oil supplements — thin the blood; avoid anecdotal / traditional

ICD codes