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Viral hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E)

Hepatitis viralis · Virová hepatitida (A, B, C, D, E)

What it is

Five different viruses that inflame the liver; B and C can smoulder for decades.

Symptoms & signs

  • Jaundice
  • dark urine
  • fatigue
  • nausea
  • right upper ache
  • often none in chronic B and C

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Confusion, drowsiness or bleeding easily with jaundice
  • call 112 / 911 now Vomiting so much you cannot keep fluids down
  • see a doctor soon Yellow skin or eyes, dark urine or pale stools
  • see a doctor soon Jaundice in pregnancy

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Hepatitis C: 8–12 weeks of direct-acting antivirals, >95% cure
  • hepatitis B: tenofovir or entecavir suppression
  • vaccination for A and B
  • liver cancer surveillance

Natural & lifestyle

  • Alcohol abstinence
  • vaccination
  • safe injection and sexual practice
  • coffee (protective)
  • weight control

Emerging & experimental

  • Functional cure for hepatitis B (bepirovirsen, siRNA)
  • therapeutic vaccines
  • hepatitis E vaccine rollout

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Milk thistle in hepatitis C — a large trial (SyNCH) found no benefit not confirmed in trials
  • Glycyrrhizin (liquorice) injections — used in Japan to lower liver enzymes in chronic hepatitis early / small studies
  • Phyllanthus — Ayurvedic remedy for hepatitis B; low-quality trials early / small studies

ICD codes