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Urinary incontinence

Incontinentia urinae · Únik moči (inkontinence)

What it is

Stress leakage on coughing, urge leakage from an overactive bladder, or both.

Symptoms & signs

  • Leaking on cough, sneeze or exercise
  • sudden urgency
  • frequency
  • night-time waking
  • pads

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Sudden leaking with leg weakness, numb buttocks or back pain
  • see a doctor soon Blood in the urine
  • see a doctor soon Burning, fever or new smelly urine
  • see a doctor soon Constant dribbling or a bladder that never feels empty

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Pelvic floor training
  • duloxetine
  • anticholinergics (long-term use linked to dementia in observational studies) or mirabegron
  • botulinum toxin into the bladder (some then need to self-catheterise)
  • mid-urethral sling — dry in most, but chronic pain and mesh erosion paused these tapes in the UK in 2018
  • sacral neuromodulation
  • implantable tibial nerve stimulators for urge incontinence — FDA-approved 2022–23

Natural & lifestyle

  • Supervised pelvic floor exercise 3 months
  • bladder retraining
  • caffeine reduction
  • weight loss
  • fluid timing

Emerging & experimental

  • Stem-cell sphincter regeneration

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Acupuncture for urge incontinence — trials disagree mixed evidence
  • Pumpkin-seed extract — small trials early / small studies
  • Jade and yoni eggs — no evidence anecdotal / traditional

ICD codes