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Immune thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia immunitaria · Imunitní trombocytopenie

What it is

Antibodies clear the platelets; the count falls and bruising starts.

Symptoms & signs

  • Easy bruising
  • pinpoint red spots (petechiae)
  • nosebleeds
  • heavy periods
  • bleeding gums

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Severe headache, confusion or head injury with a low platelet count
  • call 112 / 911 now Vomiting blood, black stools or bleeding that will not stop
  • see a doctor soon Many new tiny red spots or large bruises without injury
  • see a doctor soon Nosebleeds or gum bleeding lasting more than 15 minutes

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Watch and wait if mild
  • steroids or IVIG
  • thrombopoietin agonists (eltrombopag, romiplostim)
  • rituximab
  • splenectomy
  • fostamatinib — approved (FDA 2018, EMA 2020) for chronic ITP

Natural & lifestyle

  • Avoid aspirin and NSAIDs
  • contact-sport caution
  • dental care planning

Emerging & experimental

  • Rilzabrutinib (BTK inhibitor) — FDA-approved 2025 for chronic ITP; long-term data still limited
  • FcRn blockers

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Papaya-leaf extract — small studies raised platelets early / small studies
  • Vitamin C — small reports early / small studies

ICD codes