Anatom3D
ENCZDE
Download

Heart attack

Infarctus myocardii acutus · Infarkt myokardu

What it is

A coronary artery blocks completely; heart muscle dies minute by minute.

Symptoms & signs

  • Crushing central chest pain
  • sweating
  • nausea
  • arm or jaw pain
  • breathlessness
  • women often atypical

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Crushing or tight chest pain lasting over 15 minutes
  • call 112 / 911 now Chest pain spreading to arm, jaw, neck or back
  • call 112 / 911 now Chest pain with sweating, sickness or breathlessness
  • call 112 / 911 now Fainting or a racing, irregular pulse with chest pain

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Call emergency services
  • aspirin 300 mg
  • primary angioplasty within 120 min
  • thrombolysis if no cath lab
  • dual antiplatelet, statin, ACE inhibitor; beta blocker mainly when the pump is weakened
  • cardiac rehab
  • supersaturated oxygen therapy (TherOx) — FDA-approved 2019 after angioplasty for large anterior heart attacks

Natural & lifestyle

  • Cardiac rehabilitation exercise (cuts death rates)
  • Mediterranean diet
  • smoking cessation
  • stress management

Emerging & experimental

  • Cardiac stem-cell and exosome therapy
  • CD47 targeting
  • hypothermia protocols

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Coenzyme Q10 after a heart attack — small trials, fewer later events early / small studies
  • Cayenne pepper during an attack — folk advice; no evidence, and it delays calling for help anecdotal / traditional
  • Chelation therapy (EDTA) — TACT found fewer events after heart attacks, especially in diabetics; TACT2 did not confirm mixed evidence
  • Yoga-based cardiac rehabilitation (Yoga-CaRe trial) — better quality of life and return to activity, no fewer major events mixed evidence

ICD codes