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Placental abruption

Abruptio placentae · Předčasné odlučení placenty

female only

What it is

The placenta peels off the womb wall before birth; blood behind it starves the baby of oxygen — an emergency, 1 pregnancy in 100.

Symptoms & signs

  • Sudden constant abdominal or back pain
  • dark vaginal bleeding — or none if the blood stays trapped
  • hard, tender womb
  • contractions that do not ease
  • baby moving less

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Sudden constant belly or back pain in pregnancy
  • call 112 / 911 now Hard, tender womb or bleeding from the vagina
  • call 112 / 911 now Baby moving less, with dizziness or fainting
  • call 112 / 911 now Belly pain after a fall or car crash in pregnancy

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Emergency assessment and fetal monitoring
  • IV fluids, blood transfusion and clotting factors
  • immediate delivery, often by caesarean, if the baby is in distress
  • anti-D if Rh-negative
  • admission and watching for a small abruption far from term

Natural & lifestyle

  • Stop smoking and cocaine — the largest avoidable causes
  • control blood pressure
  • seatbelt below the bump

Emerging & experimental

  • Biomarkers (sFlt-1/PlGF) to predict placental disease
  • MRI of the placenta

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Resting at home to 'wait it out' — dangerous; this is an emergency anecdotal / traditional
  • Low-dose aspirin — prevents pre-eclampsia; trials disagree on abruption mixed evidence

ICD codes