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Seborrhoeic dermatitis & dandruff

Dermatitis seborrhoica · Seboroická dermatitida a lupy

What it is

A reaction to Malassezia yeast in oily skin: scalp, brows, sides of the nose.

Symptoms & signs

  • Greasy yellow scale
  • itchy scalp
  • redness in the folds of the face
  • flares in winter and with stress

🚩 Get help if…

  • see a doctor soon Sudden severe rash in someone who is otherwise unwell or losing weight
  • see a doctor soon Red, weeping or crusted patches with fever or pain
  • see a doctor soon Rash spreading over large areas of the body
  • see a doctor soon No improvement after 4 weeks of antifungal shampoo or cream

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Ketoconazole or ciclopirox shampoo
  • mild topical steroids
  • topical calcineurin inhibitors for the face
  • roflumilast foam (Zoryve) — FDA-approved 2023

Natural & lifestyle

  • Regular antifungal shampoo
  • sunlight in moderation
  • stress and sleep management
  • gentle cleansing

Emerging & experimental

  • Microbiome-targeted topicals

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • 5% tea-tree oil shampoo — a trial improved dandruff mixed evidence
  • Aloe vera gel — a small trial early / small studies
  • Apple cider vinegar rinses — anecdotal anecdotal / traditional

ICD codes