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Typhoid & cholera

Typhus abdominalis et cholera · Břišní tyfus a cholera

What it is

Two waterborne diseases of poor sanitation: one invades the bloodstream, one empties the gut.

Symptoms & signs

  • Typhoid: rising fever, headache, abdominal pain, rose spots
  • cholera: painless rice-water diarrhoea and rapid collapse

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Watery diarrhoea with dizziness, no urine or sunken eyes
  • call 112 / 911 now Severe belly pain, blood in stools or confusion
  • see a doctor soon Fever lasting over 3 days after travel to a high-risk area
  • see a doctor soon Fever with belly pain, headache and constipation or diarrhoea

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Azithromycin or ceftriaxone for typhoid
  • oral rehydration for cholera (the whole treatment) plus doxycycline
  • IV fluids if shocked
  • vaccines for both
  • single-dose oral cholera vaccine for travellers (Vaxchora) — approved (FDA 2016, EMA 2020)

Natural & lifestyle

  • Safe water and sanitation
  • hand washing
  • vaccination before travel
  • rehydration salts at home

Emerging & experimental

  • Typhoid conjugate vaccine roll-out

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Zinc for children with cholera — trials shorten the diarrhoea mixed evidence
  • Herbal antidiarrhoeals — delay the rehydration that saves life anecdotal / traditional

ICD codes