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Acute kidney injury

Laesio renalis acuta · Akutní poškození ledvin

What it is

Kidney function crashes over hours to days — dehydration, sepsis or drugs.

Symptoms & signs

  • Falling urine output
  • swelling
  • nausea
  • confusion
  • rising creatinine on tests

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Little or no urine for 12 hours with drowsiness or confusion
  • call 112 / 911 now Breathlessness, chest pain or an irregular heartbeat
  • see a doctor soon Much less urine during vomiting, diarrhoea or a new drug
  • see a doctor soon Swelling of the legs or face and feeling sick

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Treat the cause
  • stop nephrotoxic drugs
  • fluid resuscitation or removal
  • dialysis if severe
  • relieve obstruction

Natural & lifestyle

  • Sick-day rules for ACE inhibitors, diuretics and metformin
  • hydration during illness
  • avoid NSAIDs

Emerging & experimental

  • Biomarker-guided care (NGAL, TIMP-2)
  • remote ischaemic preconditioning

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Thiamine in sepsis-related kidney injury — small trials early / small studies
  • Herbal diuretics — can make kidney injury worse; avoid anecdotal / traditional

ICD codes