Anatom3D
ENCZDE
Download

Allergy & anaphylaxis

Allergia et anaphylaxis · Alergie a anafylaxe

What it is

IgE-driven reaction that can go from itch to airway collapse in minutes.

Symptoms & signs

  • Hives
  • lip and tongue swelling
  • wheeze
  • throat tightness
  • vomiting
  • collapse
  • sense of impending doom

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Swelling of lips, tongue or throat, or a hoarse voice
  • call 112 / 911 now Wheeze or trouble breathing
  • call 112 / 911 now Feeling faint, pale and floppy after a trigger
  • see a doctor soon Symptoms come back hours after a reaction

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Intramuscular adrenaline immediately (thigh)
  • call emergency services
  • antihistamines and steroids are secondary
  • two auto-injectors carried at all times
  • allergy clinic referral
  • peanut oral immunotherapy (Palforzia) — approved (FDA, EMA 2020) for children; raises tolerance, but more allergic reactions and adrenaline use than avoidance
  • omalizumab for food allergy — FDA-approved 2024 to reduce reactions after accidental exposure
  • adrenaline nasal spray (neffy) — approved 2024 (FDA, EMA) for people over 30 kg

Natural & lifestyle

  • Strict allergen avoidance and label reading
  • written emergency plan
  • medical alert bracelet
  • early peanut introduction in infants prevents allergy (LEAP trial: about 3% vs 17% allergic at age 5 in high-risk infants)

Emerging & experimental

  • Epicutaneous peanut patch (Viaskin Peanut) for toddlers — phase 3

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Probiotics in pregnancy and infancy to prevent allergy — trials disagree mixed evidence
  • IgG food-allergy blood tests — detect exposure, not allergy not confirmed in trials
  • Local honey for hay fever — popular; one small trial anecdotal / traditional
  • Homeopathic allergy drops — no plausible mechanism anecdotal / traditional

ICD codes