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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathia hypertrophica · Hypertrofická kardiomyopatie

What it is

An inherited thickening of the heart muscle, above all the septum, that can block outflow and cause dangerous rhythms; a leading cause of sudden death in young athletes.

Symptoms & signs

  • Breathlessness on exertion
  • chest pain
  • palpitations
  • fainting on exertion
  • a murmur
  • often none

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Fainting during or just after exercise
  • call 112 / 911 now Chest pain or a racing heart with dizziness
  • see a doctor soon Breathlessness getting worse or swollen ankles
  • see a doctor soon A close relative died suddenly under 40

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Echo and cardiac MRI; genetic testing
  • beta blockers or verapamil
  • mavacamten (myosin inhibitor)
  • septal myectomy or alcohol ablation
  • ICD for high sudden-death risk
  • screen first-degree relatives

Natural & lifestyle

  • Individually advised exercise (not blanket bans)
  • keep hydrated
  • avoid dehydration and big meals before exertion

Emerging & experimental

  • Aficamten
  • gene therapy for MYBPC3

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Energy drinks and stimulants for fatigue — they provoke dangerous rhythms not confirmed in trials
  • Mediterranean diet and weight control — fewer symptoms in observational data early / small studies
  • Coenzyme Q10 — anecdotal in this disease anecdotal / traditional

ICD codes