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Herniated disc

Hernia disci intervertebralis · Výhřez meziobratlové ploténky

What it is

The soft core bulges out and presses a nerve root.

Symptoms & signs

  • Leg pain worse than back pain
  • numbness in a nerve distribution
  • weakness
  • worse on cough or sneeze

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Numb groin or buttocks, or losing control of bladder or bowel
  • see a doctor soon Leg or foot weakness that is getting worse, or a foot that drags
  • see a doctor soon Pain shooting down both legs at once
  • see a doctor soon Pain not easing after 6 weeks despite treatment

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Conservative care for 6–12 weeks — most settle with nothing trials support
  • NSAIDs mixed evidence
  • Physiotherapy mixed evidence
  • Nerve-root injection — weeks of relief, no change to where you are in a year mixed evidence
  • Microdiscectomy when weakness persists — faster relief than waiting, the same result at one to two years mixed evidence
  • Annular closure device after discectomy (Barricaid) — FDA-approved 2019 for large annular defects

Natural & lifestyle

  • Stay active
  • McKenzie extension
  • core stability
  • smoking cessation (discs need blood supply)
  • weight loss

Emerging & experimental

  • Condoliase injection
  • disc regeneration with cell therapy

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Spinal manipulation — trials disagree mixed evidence
  • Ozone injections into the disc — used in Italy; low-quality trials early / small studies
  • Inversion tables — anecdotal anecdotal / traditional

ICD codes