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Muscle strain (pulled muscle)

Distensio / ruptura musculi · Natažený sval (natržení svalu)

What it is

Muscle fibres tear when a muscle is stretched while contracting — sprinting and kicking; hamstrings tear most.

Symptoms & signs

  • Sudden sharp pain while sprinting or kicking
  • tenderness and bruising
  • pain on stretching or contracting
  • weakness

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Tight, swollen limb with pain out of all proportion
  • call 112 / 911 now Dark urine after hard exercise with muscle pain
  • see a doctor soon Pop with a gap in the muscle or tendon
  • see a doctor soon Can't walk or lift the limb at all

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Protect for a few days, then load early
  • progressive strengthening (eccentric Nordic curls)
  • simple pain relief
  • surgery for a complete tendon avulsion

Natural & lifestyle

  • Warm up before sport
  • Nordic hamstring exercises halve hamstring injuries
  • enough sleep and protein

Emerging & experimental

  • Platelet-rich plasma (trials negative)
  • blood-flow-restriction rehabilitation

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Arnica — trials in muscle soreness disagree mixed evidence
  • Tart cherry juice — small trials on soreness and recovery early / small studies
  • Cupping — anecdotal anecdotal / traditional
  • Cold-water immersion — eases soreness but may blunt training gains mixed evidence

ICD codes