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Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis · Řídnutí kostí (osteoporóza)

What it is

Bone loses density and breaks from small knocks; half of women over 50 will fracture.

Symptoms & signs

  • No symptoms until fracture
  • height loss
  • stooped posture
  • sudden back pain from a vertebral crush

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Can't stand or put weight on the leg after a fall
  • see a doctor soon Sudden severe back pain after lifting, coughing or a minor fall
  • see a doctor soon Losing height or a new stoop
  • see a doctor soon Thigh ache or jaw pain while on bisphosphonates

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Bisphosphonates — about 1 hip fracture prevented per 100 high-risk women over three years, with rare jaw and thigh-bone problems trials support
  • Denosumab — works while taken; stopping it brings rebound spine fractures unless another drug follows trials support
  • Romosozumab or teriparatide in severe disease trials support
  • Calcium and vitamin D — little effect on fractures in people who are not deficient mixed evidence
  • DEXA monitoring mixed evidence

Natural & lifestyle

  • Weight-bearing and resistance exercise
  • protein 1.0–1.2 g/kg
  • calcium-rich diet
  • vitamin K2
  • stop smoking
  • fall-proof the home
  • balance training

Emerging & experimental

  • Combination anabolic-antiresorptive sequencing
  • vibration therapy

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • High-intensity resistance and impact training (LIFTMOR, a small trial) — raised bone density in women with low bone mass mixed evidence
  • Whole-body vibration — trials disagree mixed evidence
  • Collagen peptides — a small trial raised bone density early / small studies
  • Strontium citrate supplements — the drug strontium ranelate worked in trials; the supplement salt is untested early / small studies

ICD codes