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Prediabetes

Status praediabeticus

What it is

Blood glucose above normal but below the diabetes threshold (HbA1c 5.7–6.4% in US criteria, stricter elsewhere); without change, about 5–10% a year progress to type 2 diabetes.

Symptoms & signs

  • Usually none
  • found on a routine blood test
  • often with overweight and high blood pressure
  • dark velvety skin in body folds

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Vomiting, deep fast breathing or drowsiness with high sugar
  • see a doctor soon Great thirst, passing a lot of urine, weight loss
  • see a doctor soon Blurred vision or slow-healing sores
  • see a doctor soon Tingling or numb feet

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Fasting glucose or HbA1c; re-test yearly
  • Structured lifestyle programme — DPP: 58% fewer new cases over about 3 years trials support
  • Metformin — DPP: 31% fewer; weaker in older and leaner people trials support
  • treat blood pressure and cholesterol
  • GLP-1 drugs — normalise glucose in many while taken; cost, nausea mixed evidence

Natural & lifestyle

  • Losing about 7% of body weight trials support
  • 150 minutes of brisk activity a week
  • fewer sugary drinks and refined carbohydrates
  • sleep, stop smoking

Emerging & experimental

  • Tirzepatide for prevention
  • continuous glucose monitors
  • digital coaching

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Cinnamon — small glucose drops; no prevention shown mixed evidence
  • Berberine — lowers glucose in small trials; drug interactions mixed evidence
  • Vitamin D — D2d trial: no significant reduction in diabetes not confirmed in trials

ICD codes