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Vesicoureteral reflux

Refluxus vesicoureteralis · Vezikoureterální reflux

What it is

Urine flows back from the bladder up to the kidneys, mostly in young children, raising the risk of kidney infections and scars.

Symptoms & signs

  • Repeated urinary infections with fever
  • pain in the side
  • poor growth in infants
  • often found after a first feverish urinary infection

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Baby with fever over 38 °C under 3 months
  • call 112 / 911 now Floppy, very sleepy or vomiting child with fever
  • see a doctor soon Fever without a cold in a child with reflux
  • see a doctor soon Pain on passing urine or smelly urine

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Ultrasound and voiding cystourethrogram
  • prompt treatment of infections
  • low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis in selected children
  • endoscopic injection or reimplantation for severe reflux

Natural & lifestyle

  • Treat constipation
  • regular unhurried voiding

Emerging & experimental

  • Robotic ureteric reimplantation
  • contrast ultrasound instead of X-ray

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Cranberry — may cut infections in some children; trials disagree mixed evidence
  • Probiotics — small trials early / small studies
  • Herbal kidney teas — anecdotal anecdotal / traditional

ICD codes