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Yellow fever

Febris flava · Žlutá zimnice

What it is

A mosquito-borne virus of tropical Africa and South America; most recover, but one in seven enters a toxic phase of jaundice and bleeding that kills half of them. One vaccine dose protects for life; the live vaccine rarely causes organ failure — about 1 in 250 000 doses, more often over 60.

Symptoms & signs

  • Fever, headache and muscle pain
  • nausea and vomiting
  • after a brief recovery: jaundice
  • bleeding from gums, nose and stomach
  • kidney failure

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now Yellow skin or eyes after fever seemed to settle
  • call 112 / 911 now Bleeding from gums, nose, or vomiting blood
  • call 112 / 911 now Confusion, drowsiness or very little urine
  • see a doctor soon Fever within 2 weeks of a trip to tropical Africa or South America

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Blood PCR or antibody test
  • supportive care: fluids, intensive care
  • no antiviral works
  • vaccination before travel

Natural & lifestyle

  • Mosquito nets and repellent
  • cover the skin at dawn and dusk

Emerging & experimental

  • Monoclonal antibodies
  • sofosbuvir (tried in Brazil)

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Papaya leaf extract — used for tropical fevers; untested anecdotal / traditional
  • Vitamin C and zinc — support immunity; untested here anecdotal / traditional
  • Homeopathic prophylaxis — no protection not confirmed in trials

ICD codes