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Hernia (inguinal, hiatal, umbilical)

Hernia · Kýla (tříselná, hiátová, pupeční)

What it is

Tissue pushes through a weak spot in the wall that should hold it in.

Symptoms & signs

  • Bulge that appears on straining
  • dragging ache
  • reflux in hiatal hernia
  • sudden severe pain if strangulated

🚩 Get help if…

  • call 112 / 911 now A hernia that becomes hard, tender and cannot be pushed back
  • call 112 / 911 now Hernia pain with vomiting and no stool or wind
  • call 112 / 911 now Skin over the bulge turning red or purple
  • see a doctor soon A bulge that is growing or painful

Where it strikes

Medical treatment

  • Watchful waiting when small and painless — most never strangulate trials support
  • Mesh repair, open or laparoscopic — fewer recurrences than stitches alone, with chronic groin pain in about 1 in 10 trials support
  • Emergency surgery if strangulated trials support
  • Fundoplication for large hiatal hernias mixed evidence

Natural & lifestyle

  • Weight loss
  • avoid heavy lifting with breath-holding
  • treat chronic cough and constipation
  • core strengthening

Emerging & experimental

  • Robotic repair
  • biological and self-gripping meshes

Alternative, off-label & anecdotal

Approaches used outside the guidelines, with what their supporters report and what testing has found so far.

  • Trusses and belts — relieve symptoms but repair nothing, and can hide strangulation anecdotal / traditional
  • Exercises 'to close' a hernia — cannot close the defect; core work helps symptoms anecdotal / traditional
  • Diaphragm-breathing training for hiatal hernia reflux — small trials show less reflux early / small studies

ICD codes