Inferior frontal gyrus

Looks like

The lowest ridge on the side of the frontal lobe, just above the lateral sulcus; its back part is Broca's area.

What it does

In the language-dominant side (usually left) it produces speech and grammar; it also helps stop unwanted actions.

Keeping it well

Stroke here gives halting, effortful speech with good understanding. Sudden trouble speaking is an emergency — call for help.

Related conditions

• Acute liver failure
• ADHD
• Adjustment disorder
• African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
• Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens
• Altitude sickness
• Alzheimer's disease
• Amyloidosis (AL and ATTR)
• Autism spectrum disorder
• Bipolar disorder
• Birth asphyxia (hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy)
• Body dysmorphic disorder
• Borderline personality disorder
• Botulism
• Brain abscess
• Brain aneurysm
• Brain tumour (glioma & meningioma)
• Burnout
• Cerebral palsy
• Chickenpox (varicella)
• Chronic insomnia
• Chronic neuropathic pain
• Chronic pain syndrome
• Cluster headache
• Concussion (mild TBI)
• Conduct disorder
• Congenital hypothyroidism
• Cryptococcal meningitis
• Delirium
• Dementia with Lewy bodies
• Dissociative disorders
• Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
• Drowning
• Eating disorders
• Encephalitis
• Epilepsy
• Essential tremor & dystonia
• Fainting (syncope)
• Febrile seizures
• Fibromyalgia
• Fragile X syndrome
• Frailty & falls in older age
• Frontotemporal dementia
• Functional (somatic) symptom disorder
• Gambling disorder
• Generalised anxiety disorder
• Guillain-Barré syndrome
• Haemorrhagic stroke
• Heat exhaustion & heatstroke
• Hepatic encephalopathy
• Huntington's disease
• Hydrocephalus
• Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar)
• Intellectual disability
• Ischaemic stroke
• Japanese encephalitis
• Lead poisoning
• Long COVID (post-viral syndrome)
• Lyme disease
• Major depressive disorder
• ME/chronic fatigue syndrome
• Measles
• Medication-overuse headache
• Meningitis
• Migraine
• Multiple sclerosis
• Myasthenia gravis
• Narcolepsy
• Neurocysticercosis
• Normal pressure hydrocephalus
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder
• Parkinson's disease
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Phenylketonuria (PKU)
• Poisoning & overdose
• Post-traumatic stress disorder
• Postnatal depression
• Postpartum psychosis
• Premenstrual syndrome and PMDD
• Rabies
• Restless legs syndrome
• Roseola (sixth disease)
• Schizophrenia
• Self-harm and suicidal crisis
• Shingles (herpes zoster)
• Social anxiety disorder
• Subdural haematoma
• Substance use disorder
• Tension-type headache
• Tetanus
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
• Tick-borne encephalitis
• Tics and Tourette syndrome
• Toxoplasmosis & CMV
• Transient ischaemic attack
• Traumatic brain injury (moderate to severe)
• Tuberous sclerosis complex
• Vascular dementia
• Vitamin B1, C and other deficiencies