Anatom3DHead & neck
Caput et collum · Hlava a krk
Skin & appendages
Looks like
A bony box on a stack of seven small bones, holding the brain, the eyes, ears, nose and mouth, with the throat running through.
What it does
Thinking, sensing and the first part of eating and breathing all happen here.
Keeping it well
Helmets, safe necks at work and screens at eye level. Sudden weakness of one side, a worst-ever headache or slurred speech is an emergency.
Its parts
- Scalp & hair
- Skin of face
- Skin of neck
- Skull
- Brain
- Cranial nerves (I–XII)
- Muscles of the face & scalp
- Eye
- Ear
- Nose & sinuses
- Mouth & throat
- Larynx
- Neck
- Face
- Frontal part of head
- Occipital part of head
- Right parietal part of head
- Left parietal part of head
- Basicranium
- Masseteric fascia
- Superficial layer of temporal fascia
Related conditions
- 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DiGeorge)
- Absent periods (amenorrhoea)
- Achondroplasia
- Acromegaly
- Acute liver failure
- ADHD
- Adjustment disorder
- Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's)
- African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
- Age-related macular degeneration
- Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens
- Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
- Alopecia (androgenetic & areata)
- Altitude sickness
- Alzheimer's disease
- Amyloidosis (AL and ATTR)
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Aspergillosis
- Autism spectrum disorder
- Bad breath (halitosis)
- Bedwetting (nocturnal enuresis)
- Bell's palsy
- Bipolar disorder
- Birth asphyxia (hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy)
- Blepharitis & styes
- Body dysmorphic disorder
- Bone metastases and spinal cord compression
- Borderline personality disorder
- Botulism
- Brain abscess
- Brain aneurysm
- Brain tumour (glioma & meningioma)
- Burning mouth syndrome
- Burnout
- Burst blood vessel in the eye (subconjunctival haemorrhage)
- Candida & fungal infection
- Carotid artery stenosis
- Cat-scratch disease
- Cataract
- Cerebral palsy
- Chiari malformation and syringomyelia
- Chickenpox (varicella)
- Cholesteatoma
- Chronic insomnia
- Chronic neuropathic pain
- Chronic pain syndrome
- Chronic venous insufficiency
- Cleft lip and palate
- Clotting disorders (thrombophilia & APS)
- Cluster headache
- Cold sores (herpes simplex)
- Colour blindness
- Common cold
- Concussion (mild TBI)
- Conduct disorder
- Congenital hypothyroidism
- Conjunctivitis
- Corneal abrasion (scratched eye)
- COVID-19
- Croup & epiglottitis
- Cryptococcal meningitis
- Cushing's syndrome
- Deep vein thrombosis
- Delirium
- Dementia with Lewy bodies
- Dental abscess
- Dermatomyositis and polymyositis
- Deviated nasal septum
- Diabetes insipidus (arginine vasopressin deficiency)
- Diabetic retinopathy
- Diphtheria
- Dissociative disorders
- Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
- Drooping eyelid (ptosis)
- Drowning
- Dry eye disease
- Dyslexia
- Ear infections (otitis media & externa)
- Early puberty (precocious puberty)
- Earwax blockage
- Eating disorders
- Encephalitis
- Epilepsy
- Essential tremor & dystonia
- Eye melanoma (uveal melanoma)
- Fainting (syncope)
- Febrile seizures
- Fibromyalgia
- Fractures
- Fragile X syndrome
- Fragility fracture
- Frailty & falls in older age
- Friedreich's ataxia
- Frontotemporal dementia
- Functional (somatic) symptom disorder
- Fungal skin infection (tinea)
- Gambling disorder
- Generalised anxiety disorder
- Glaucoma
- Gout
- Guillain-Barré syndrome
- Haemophilia & bleeding disorders
- Haemorrhagic stroke
- Hand, foot and mouth disease
- Head and neck cancer
- Hearing loss & presbycusis
- Heat exhaustion & heatstroke
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- High prolactin (hyperprolactinaemia)
- Huntington's disease
- Hydrocephalus
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hyperthyroidism & Graves' disease
- Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar)
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Hypopituitarism
- Hypothermia & frostbite
- Hypothyroidism
- Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
- Impacted wisdom teeth
- Infantile haemangioma (strawberry mark)
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Influenza
- Intellectual disability
- Ischaemic stroke
- Japanese encephalitis
- Jet lag
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- Kawasaki disease
- Keratitis (corneal infection and ulcer)
- Keratoconus
- Laryngitis & voice disorders
- Lead poisoning
- Leprosy (Hansen's disease)
- Lichen planus
- Long COVID (post-viral syndrome)
- Loss of smell (anosmia)
- Lyme disease
- Major depressive disorder
- Male hypogonadism
- Malnutrition & refeeding syndrome
- Marfan syndrome & connective tissue disorders
- ME/chronic fatigue syndrome
- Measles
- Medication-overuse headache
- Ménière's disease
- Meningitis
- Menopause & perimenopause
- Metabolic syndrome
- Migraine
- Motion sickness
- Mouth ulcers (aphthous stomatitis)
- Mpox (monkeypox)
- MRSA and resistant staph infection
- Multiple sclerosis
- Mumps
- Muscular dystrophy
- Myasthenia gravis
- Narcolepsy
- Nasal polyps
- Neck pain and cervical spondylosis
- Neonatal sepsis
- Neurocysticercosis
- Neurofibromatosis type 1
- Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
- Noise-induced hearing loss
- Normal pressure hydrocephalus
- Nosebleed (epistaxis)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Obstructive sleep apnoea
- Onchocerciasis (river blindness)
- Orthostatic hypotension & POTS
- Osteoarthritis
- Osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease)
- Osteomalacia & rickets
- Osteomyelitis (bone infection)
- Osteoporosis
- Otosclerosis
- Paget's disease of bone
- Panic disorder
- Parkinson's disease
- Parvovirus B19 (fifth disease)
- Pemphigus vulgaris
- Peripheral artery disease
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Phaeochromocytoma & hyperaldosteronism
- Phenylketonuria (PKU)
- Pituitary adenoma
- Poisoning & overdose
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Polymyalgia rheumatica
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Postnatal depression
- Postpartum psychosis
- Pre-eclampsia
- Premenstrual syndrome and PMDD
- Presbyopia
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Pterygium (surfer's eye)
- Rabies
- Raynaud's phenomenon
- Reactive arthritis
- Restless legs syndrome
- Retinal artery occlusion (eye stroke)
- Retinal detachment
- Retinal vein occlusion
- Retinitis pigmentosa
- Retinoblastoma
- Retinopathy of prematurity
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Rheumatic fever & rheumatic heart disease
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Rosacea
- Roseola (sixth disease)
- Rubella (German measles)
- Salivary gland stones
- Salivary gland tumours
- Sarcoma
- Sarcopenia
- Scarlet fever
- Schizophrenia
- Scleritis and episcleritis
- Seasonal affective disorder
- Seborrhoeic dermatitis & dandruff
- Self-harm and suicidal crisis
- Sepsis
- Shingles (herpes zoster)
- Shock (circulatory failure)
- Short and long sight (refractive error)
- SIADH (inappropriate antidiuretic hormone)
- Sinusitis
- Sjögren's disease
- Social anxiety disorder
- Specific phobia
- Spina bifida & neural tube defects
- Squint & lazy eye
- Stevens–Johnson syndrome / toxic epidermal necrolysis
- Subdural haematoma
- Substance use disorder
- Sudden infant death syndrome
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Takayasu arteritis
- Teeth grinding (bruxism)
- Temporomandibular joint disorder
- Tension-type headache
- Tetanus
- Thoracic outlet syndrome
- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
- Thyroid cancer
- Thyroid nodules & goitre
- Thyroiditis (Hashimoto's & subacute)
- Tick-borne encephalitis
- Tics and Tourette syndrome
- Tinnitus
- Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia)
- Tonsillitis & quinsy
- Tooth decay & gum disease
- Toxoplasmosis & CMV
- Trachoma
- Transient ischaemic attack
- Traumatic brain injury (moderate to severe)
- Trichinellosis
- Trigeminal neuralgia
- Tuberous sclerosis complex
- Turner syndrome
- Type 1 diabetes
- Uveitis & iritis
- Varicose veins
- Vascular dementia
- Vasculitis (GCA & others)
- Vertigo (BPPV, vestibular neuritis)
- Vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma)
- Vitamin B1, C and other deficiencies
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Whiplash
- Wry neck (torticollis)