Anatom3DPelvis & perineum
Pelvis et perineum · Pánev a hráz
Skeleton
Looks like
A basin of bone with the bladder, rectum and reproductive organs inside and a muscular floor beneath.
What it does
Holds the organs up, stores and passes urine and stool, and carries reproduction.
Keeping it well
Pelvic-floor training beats no training for leakage in trials (about half of women improve). Straining on the toilet is what stretches the floor. Screening and contraception are trade-offs: ask for absolute numbers, not relative ones.
Its parts
- Skin of perineum
- Pelvic girdle
- Pelvic floor
- Urinary bladder
- Rectum & anal canal
- Male reproductive organs
- Female reproductive organs
- Internal iliac arteries
- Pelvic venous plexus
- Sacral plexus
- Hypogastric plexuses
- Pudendal nerve
- Pelvic lymph nodes
- Inguinal lymph nodes
- Hip joint
- Pelvic skeleton
- Medial circumflex femoral vein
- Obturator vein
- Tributary of superficial external pudendal vein
Related conditions
- Absent periods (amenorrhoea)
- Acromegaly
- Adenomyosis
- Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's)
- Amyloidosis (AL and ATTR)
- Anal cancer
- Anal fissure & fistula
- Asherman's syndrome
- Avascular necrosis (osteonecrosis)
- Axial spondyloarthritis
- Balanitis
- Bartholin's cyst and abscess
- Bedwetting (nocturnal enuresis)
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- Bladder cancer
- Bone metastases and spinal cord compression
- Botulism
- Brucellosis
- Cervical cancer
- Cervical ectropion and Nabothian cysts
- Cervical insufficiency
- Chickenpox (varicella)
- Chronic constipation
- Chronic neuropathic pain
- Chronic pain syndrome
- Chronic venous insufficiency
- Clotting disorders (thrombophilia & APS)
- Colon polyps
- Colorectal cancer
- Deep vein thrombosis
- Developmental dysplasia of the hip
- Early puberty (precocious puberty)
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Endometrial (womb) cancer
- Endometrial polyps and hyperplasia
- Endometriosis
- Epididymitis and orchitis
- Erectile dysfunction
- Faecal incontinence
- Female genital mutilation (FGM)
- Female infertility
- Fetal growth restriction
- Fibromyalgia
- Fractures
- Fragility fracture
- Frailty & falls in older age
- Gestational diabetes
- Gout
- Guillain-Barré syndrome
- Haemophilia & bleeding disorders
- Haemorrhoids
- Heat exhaustion & heatstroke
- Heavy & painful periods
- Hereditary cancer syndromes (BRCA, Lynch)
- Hernia (inguinal, hiatal, umbilical)
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Hirschsprung's disease
- Hydrocele
- Hyperemesis gravidarum
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hyperthyroidism & Graves' disease
- Hypospadias
- Hypothermia & frostbite
- Hypothyroidism
- Interstitial cystitis (bladder pain syndrome)
- Intestinal worms & schistosomiasis
- Kawasaki disease
- Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)
- Lichen sclerosus
- Lyme disease
- Male hypogonadism
- Male infertility
- Malnutrition & refeeding syndrome
- Marfan syndrome & connective tissue disorders
- Maternal (puerperal) sepsis
- Menopause & perimenopause
- Metabolic syndrome
- Miscarriage
- Molar pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic disease
- Mpox (monkeypox)
- Mumps
- Muscular dystrophy
- Myasthenia gravis
- Neurogenic bladder
- Obstructed labour and obstetric fistula
- Orthostatic hypotension & POTS
- Osteoarthritis
- Osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease)
- Osteomalacia & rickets
- Osteomyelitis (bone infection)
- Osteoporosis
- Ovarian cancer
- Ovarian cysts
- Ovarian torsion
- Paget's disease of bone
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Pelvic organ prolapse
- Penile cancer
- Perineal tear in childbirth
- Peripheral artery disease
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Perthes disease
- Peyronie's disease
- Phaeochromocytoma & hyperaldosteronism
- Phimosis
- Pilonidal sinus
- Placenta praevia
- Placental abruption
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Polymyalgia rheumatica
- Postnatal depression
- Postpartum haemorrhage
- Pre-eclampsia
- Premature ejaculation
- Premature ovarian insufficiency
- Premenstrual syndrome and PMDD
- Preterm labour and birth
- Priapism
- Prostate cancer
- Prostatitis & pelvic pain
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Rabies
- Raynaud's phenomenon
- Reactive arthritis
- Rectal prolapse
- Restless legs syndrome
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Rheumatic fever & rheumatic heart disease
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Rubella (German measles)
- Sarcoma
- Sarcopenia
- Sepsis
- Septic arthritis
- Sexually transmitted infections
- Shingles (herpes zoster)
- Shock (circulatory failure)
- Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
- Stillbirth
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Temporomandibular joint disorder
- Testicular cancer
- Testicular torsion
- Tetanus
- Thrush & bacterial vaginosis
- Turner syndrome
- Type 1 diabetes
- Ulcerative colitis
- Undescended testis (cryptorchidism)
- Urethral stricture
- Urinary incontinence
- Urinary tract infection
- Uterine fibroids
- Vaginal cancer
- Varicocele
- Varicose veins
- Vasculitis (GCA & others)
- Vesicoureteral reflux
- Vitamin B1, C and other deficiencies
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Vulval cancer
- Vulvodynia and vaginismus